What Is a Bill of Quantities (BOQ)?
A Bill of Quantities is a contract document that lists a project’s work items with their descriptions, units and quantities so they can be priced and managed.
Definition
A BOQ is a structured document that breaks a project’s works into sequential items. Each item carries a number, a precise technical description, a unit of measure (m³, m², linear metre, tonne, number, lump sum) and a quantity taken off the drawings. At pricing time a unit rate and an item value are added; the sum of the items gives the tender or contract value.
Why it matters
The BOQ is the common language of the client, the consultant and the contractor: it makes tenders comparable on one basis, and after award it becomes the reference for calculating progress claims and variation orders. A single quantity error in a major item can mean a direct loss or a long dispute.
Standard components
It is usually divided into sections (earthworks, concrete, blockwork, finishes, MEP…) with their items beneath each. The Preambles describe the general specifications, and Daywork schedules may be attached for likely work falling outside the measured items.
Method of measurement
Quantities are measured under an adopted set of rules (POMI, CESMM or local market practice) that define what is measured net, what carries waste, and when one item is separated from another. A single agreed method of measurement prevents the “that is deemed included in this” argument.
Worked example
A typical item: “3-2: Supply and pour reinforced concrete to isolated footings, grade 350 kg/m³, including reinforcement, formwork and curing — Unit: m³ — Quantity: 480.” Priced at SAR 1,250/m³, the item value is SAR 600,000.
FAQ
Who prepares the Bill of Quantities?
The consultant or the quantity surveyor on tendered projects; the contractor may prepare it on design-and-build work. In every case, checking it before pricing is the contractor’s own responsibility.
What is the difference between a firm BOQ and a remeasured one?
Under a lump-sum contract the quantities are indicative and the price is fixed; under a remeasured contract payment follows the quantities actually executed at the contracted unit rates.
How do I check a BOQ before pricing it?
Compare the major quantities against benchmarks (m³ of concrete per m² of building), check the units for consistency, and look for items missing against the scope of the drawings — Etimadco automates this check.
Put this to work with Bill of Quantities (BOQ) Software
Structured, accurate BOQs: upload, validate, price and export in one platform
Explore Bill of Quantities (BOQ) Software